英語四級閱讀選詞填空
What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were __1__. The study of how genes and environment interact to influence __2__ activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important __3__ to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.
Any research that suggests that __4__ to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can __5__ based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how __6__ they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the __7__ to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(養育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science __8__ that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born __9__ like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it __10__ appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.
[A] abilities
[B] achieve
[C] appeal
[D] complaints
[E] contributions
[F] displayed
[G] essentially
[H] eventually
[I] extent
[J] indicates
[K] proceeds
[L] psychological
[M] raised
[N] smart
[O] standard
答案解析：
1. [M] raised raise在這裡的意思是"養育"，the environment in which you were raised 意思是"你成長的環境"。
2. [L] psychological "psychological activity"意思是"心理活動"，全句意思是"研究基因和外部環境如何相互作用影響人心理活動的學科被稱為行為遺傳學"。
3. [E] contributions "make contributions to"為固定搭配，意為"為……做貢獻"。
4. [A] abilities "ability to …"意思是"做某事的能力"，在此處，全句意思是"任何一篇宣稱人類做出某種行為的能力是基於生物學的研究都是有爭議的"。
5. [B] achieve "limitations to what you can achieve"意思是"對你所能達到的水平的限制"。
6. [N] smart 此處需填一個形容詞，而且用來形容人，根據題意，smart符合題意，表示"機靈，可愛"。
7. [I] extent 此處填extent，主要是因為後面有to，"to the extent …"譯為"……的程度"。
8. [J] indicates indicate 意思是"表明，顯示"。全句意為"越來越多的科學(現象)表明基因對人類很多特徵有基礎作用"。
9. [G] essentially essentially 的意思是"實際上，本質上"。全句意為"從這個角度來講，人一出生，本質上就像是還沒洗出來的照片：相已經照了，但是最終會呈現多少就在於顯影的過程了"。
10. [H] eventually eventually 副詞，意思是"最終，最後"。
英語四級閱讀段落匹配
Jaguars Don't Live Here Anymore
A)Earlier this month, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service announced it would appoint" critical habitat" for the endangered jaguar. Jaguars--the world's third-largest wild cats, weighing up to 250 pounds, with distinctive black rosettes ( 玫瑰花色 ) on their fur--are a separate species from the smaller, tawny (黃褐色的 ) mountain lions, which still roam large areas of the American West in the United States and take the first steps toward mandating (批准) a jaguar recovery plan. This is a policy reversal and, on the surface, it may appear to be a victory for the conservation community and for jaguars, the largest wild cats in the Western Hemisphere.
B) But as someone who has studied jaguars for nearly three decades, I can tell you it is nothing less than a slap in the face to good science. What's more, by changing the rules for animal preservation, it stands to weaken the Endangered Species Act.
C)The debate on what to do about jaguars started in 1997, when, at the urging of many biologists ( including me), the Fish and Wildlife Service put the jaguar on the United States endangered species list, because there had been occasional sightings of the cats crossing north over the United States-Mexico border. At the same time, however, the agency ruled that it would not be "prudent" (謹慎的 ) to declare that the jaguar has critical tat--a geographic area containing features the species needs to survive--in the United States. Determining an endangered species' critical habitat is a first step toward developing a plan for helping that species recover.
D)The 1997 decision not to determine critical habitat for the jaguar was the right one, because even though they cross the border from time to time, jaguars don't occupy any territory in our country--and that probably means the environment here is no longer ideal for them.
E)In prehistoric times, these beautiful cats inhabited significant areas of the western United States, but in the past 100 years, there have been few, if any, resident breeding populations here. The last time a female jaguar with a cub ( 幼獸 ) was sighted in this country was in the early 1900s.
F)Two well-intentioned conservation advocacy groups, the Center for Biological Diversity and Defenders of Wildlife, sued the Fish and Wildlife Service to change its ruling. Thus in 2006, the agency reassessed the situation and again determined that no areas in the United States met the definition of critical habitat for the jaguar. Despite occasional sightings, mostly within 40 miles of the Mexican border, there were still no data to indicate jaguars had taken up residence inside the United States.
G ) After this second ruling was made, an Arizona rancher ( 牧場主 ), with support from the state Game and Fish Department, set infrared-camera (紅外攝像機 ) traps togather more data, and essentially confirmed the Fish and Wildlife Service's findings. The cameras did capture transient jaguars, including one male jaguar, nick named Macho, B, who roamed the Arizona borderlands for more than a decade. But Macho B, now dead, might have been the sole resident American jaguar, and his extensive travels indicated he was not having an easy time surviving in this dry, rugged region.
H) Despite the continued evidence, the two conservation advocacy groups continued to sue the government. Apparently, they want jaguars to repopulate the United State seven if jaguars don't wan! to. Last March, a federal district judge in Arizona ordered the Fish and Wildlife Service to revisit its 2006 determination on critical habitat.
I)The facts haven't changed: there is still no area in the United States essential to the conservation of the jaguar. But, having asserted this twice already, the service, nowunder a new president, has bent to the tiresome litigation (訴訟). On Jan. 12, Fish and Wildlife officials, claimed to have evaluated new scientific information that had become available after the July 2006 ruling. They determined that it is now prudent to appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States.
J)This means that Fish and Wildlife must now also formulate a recovery plan for the jaguar. And since jaguars have not been able to reestablish themselves naturally over the past century, the government will likely have to go to significant expense to attempt to bring them back--especially if the cats have to be reintroduced.
K)So why not do everything we can, at whatever cost, to bring jaguars back into the United States? To begin with, the American Southwest is, at best, marginal habitat for the animals. More important, there are better ways to help jaguars. South of our border, from Mexico to Argentina, thousands of jaguars live and breed in their true critical habitat. Governments and conservation groups (including the one I head) are already working hard to conserve jaguar populations and connect them to one another through an initiative called the Jaguar Corridor.
L) jaguars that now and then cross into the United States most likely come from the northernmost population of jaguars, in Sonora, Mexico. Rather than demand jaguars return to our country, we should help Mexico and other jaguar-range countries conserve the animals' true habitat it
M )The recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service means that the rare federal funds devoted to protecting wild animals will be wasted on efforts that cannot help save jaguars. It also stands to weaken the Endangered Species Act, because if critical habitat is redefined as any place where a species might ever have existed, and where you or I might want it to exist again, then the door is open for many other sense less efforts to bring back long-lost creatures.
N)The Fish and Wildlife officials whose job is to protect the country's wild animals need to grow a stronger backbone--stick with their original, correct decision and save their money for more useful preservation work. Otherwise, when funds are needed to preserve all those small, ugly, non-charismatic endangered species at the back of the line, there may be no money left.
1. It is still a fact that there is no suitable place for jaguars to live safely in the United States.
2. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service should be more determined and saving for the conservation work.
3. Jaguars were regarded as endangered species because of their rare appearance at the United States-Mexico border.
4. Money was not spent effectively in helping save jaguars in the recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service.
5. It can be inferred that the United States is not the best choice for jaguars to live from the evidence that they don't settle anywhere here.
6. South of the United States' border, from Mexico to Argentina, is the true critical habitat for jaguars.
7. The number of jaguars breeding populations in significant areas of the western United States has deceased in the past century.
8. It is necessary for the government to invest lots of funds in order to help jaguars to reestablish.
9. It didn't indicate that jaguars had settled down in the United States even though they were seen within 40 miles of the Mexican border at times.
10. Fish and Wildlife officials were sure enough to appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States.
1.I)。【題幹譯文】這仍然是一個事實：在美國沒有合適的地方讓美洲虎安全地 生存。
【定位】由題幹中的still a fact和no suitable place定位到原文I)段第一句：11lefacts haven’t changed：there is still no area in the United States essential to the conservation of the jaguar.
【精解】原文中的the facts haven’t changed對應題幹中的it is still a fact，原文中的no area in the United States essential to the conservation of the jaguar對應題幹中的no suitable place for jaguars to live safely in the United States，因此原文定位句和題幹是同義轉述，故選I)。
2.N)。【題幹譯文】美國魚類和野生動物服務中心應該更加堅定並且為保護工作節約開支。
【定位】由題幹中的determined and saving for the conservation work定位到原文N)段第一句：The Fish and Wild Life officials whose job is to protect the country's wild animals need to grow a stronger backbone——stick with their ect decision and save their money for more useful preservation work.
【精解】定位句表明美國魚類和野生動物服務中心需要堅持他們最初的正確的決定並且為更為重要的美洲虎保護工作節省資金。題於中的be more determined對應原文中的9row a stronger backbone，故選N)。
3.C)。【題幹譯文】由於在美國和墨西哥邊境的稀少出現，美洲虎被認為是一種瀕危物種。
【定位】由題幹中的regarded as endangered species定位到原文c)段第一句：…the Fish and Wildlife Service put the jaguar on the United States endangered species list，because there had been occasional sightings of the cats crossing north over the United co border.
【精解】定位句表明，美國魚類和野生動物服務中心將美洲虎列到瀕危物種名單，因為它們很少出現在美國和墨西哥邊境。定位句是主動語態，題於巾是被動語態，但它們是同義轉述，故c)為答案。
4.M)。【題幹譯文】美國魚類和野生動物服務中心在最近行動中並沒有將資金有效地利用在保護美洲虎上。
【定位】由題幹中的in the recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service定位到原文M)段第一句：The recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service means that the rare federal funds devoted to protecting wild animals will be wasted on efforts that cannot help save jaguars.
【精解】由定位句可知，美國魚類和野生動物服務中心的最近行動意味著致力於保護野生動物的稀有的聯邦資金被浪費了。題幹中的not spent effectively“(資金)沒有被有效利用”與此為同義轉述，故M)為答案。
5.D)。【題幹譯文】美洲虎並未長期定居在美國境內，通過這一證據可以推斷美國並非是它們棲息的`最好環境。
【定位】由題幹中的 the best choice for jaguars to live定位到原文D)段：…jaguars don’t occupy any territory in our country--and that probably means the environment here is no longer ideal for them.
【精解】題幹中的the best choice與原文中的ideal屬於同義轉述，題幹中的don’t settle anywhere here與原文中的don’t occupy any territory in our country也屬於同義轉述，故D)為答案。
6.K)。【題幹譯文】美國邊境以南，從墨西哥到阿根廷，是美洲虎真正的危急棲息地。
【定位】由題幹中的from Mexico to Argentina定位到原文K)段第四句：South of our Mexico to Argentina，thousands of jaguars live and breed in their true critical habitat.
【精解】題幹中的from Mexico to Argentina和原文中的一樣，原文意思是美洲虎在這些地點繁衍生息，也就是它們真正的危急棲息地，故K)為答案。
7.E)。【題幹譯文】在美國西部的重要區域繁衍生息的美洲虎的數目在近一個世紀以來減少了。
【定位】由題幹中的breeding populations定位到原文E)段第一句：In prehistoric e beautiful cats inhabited significant areas of the western United States，but in the past l00 years。there have been few，if any，resident breeding populations here.
【精解】定位句表明，在史前時代，美洲虎尚且棲息在美國西部的重要區域，而在近一百年間，卻寥寥無幾。由此可知，在美國西部的重要區域繁衍生息的美洲虎的數目減少了，故E)為答案。
8.J)。【題幹譯文】政府很有必要投入資金來幫助美洲虎重建柄息地。
【定位】由題幹中的help jaguars to reestablish定位到原文J)段第二句：And since jaguars have not been able to reestablish themselves naturally over the past century，the government will likely have to go to significant expense to attempt to bring them back.
【精解】原文定位句的意思足“由於過去一個世紀以來，美洲虎無法憑藉自己的力量壯大族群，政府需要投入巨大的資金來幫助它們。’題乾和原文中都出現了reestablish“恢復，重建”，且題幹中的It is necessary for the government to invest lots of funds與原文中的the government will likely have to go to significant expense屬於同義轉換，故J)為答案
9.F)。【題幹譯文】即使在墨西哥邊境40英里以內偶爾發現了美洲虎的蹤跡，也不能表明美洲虎已經在美國棲息了。
【定位】由題幹中的within 40 miles of the Mexican border定位到原文F)段第三句：Despite occasional sightings，mostly within 40 miles of the Mexican border，there were still no data to indicate jaguars had taken up residence inside the United States.
【精解】題幹中的even though they were seen…at times與定位句中的Despite occasional sightings屬於同義轉述，題幹中的It didn’t indicate that…與原文巾的there were still no data to indicate也屬於同義轉述，故F)為答案。
10.I)。【題幹譯文】美國魚類和野生動物服務中心對於在美國境內指定美洲虎的危急棲息地非常確信。
【定位】由題幹中的 appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States定位到原文I)段第四句：They determined that it is now prudent to appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States.
【精解】題幹中和原文定位句中都出現了同一短語appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States，且題幹中的Sure enough和原文中的determined為同義轉述.故I)為答案。
英語四級仔細閱讀一
Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind. According to recent polls (民意測驗) sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy. Psychologists have been studying the factors that contribute to happiness. It is not predictable nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy. The ideal situation may have little to do with his actual feelings.
A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness. Though both may contribute, they are only chief factors if the person is seriously undereducated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs.
The rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group or even those with very low incomes. People with college educations are somewhat happier than those who did not graduate from high school, and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunity to control their lives. Yet people with a high income and a college education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education.
Poor health does not rule out happiness except for the severely disabled or those in pain. Learning to cope with a health problem can contribute to happiness. Those with a good sex life are happier in general, but those who have a loving, affectionate relationship are happier than those who rely on sex alone. Love has a higher correlation with happiness than any other factor.
It should be noted that people quickly get used to what they have, and they are happiest when they feel they are increasing their level no matter where it stands at a given time.
Children whose parents were happily married have happier childhoods are not necessarily happier adults.
The best formula for happiness is to be able to develop the ability to tolerate frustration, to have a personal involvement and commitment, and to develop self-confidence and self-esteem.
21. It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A. happiness is predictable
B. a person in an apparently ideal situation must be happy
C. the rich are likely to be happier than the middle-income group
D. happiness is not necessarily connected to one's situation in society
22. People with college education______.
A. are not happier than those who have only an education at high school
B. are much happier than those who did not graduate from high school
C. have less opportunity to control their lives
D. have more opportunity to control their lives
23. According to the article, happiness is greatly dependent upon______.
A. a happy childhood
B. great wealth
C. a feeling that conditions are becoming for the better
D. a college degree
24. Which of the following is most likely to contribute to happiness? A. Being exceptionally good-looking.
B. Having a loving, affectionate relationship.
C. Having a good paying job.
D. Meeting lots of people.
25. Which of the following attitudes or feelings is most likely to be found in happy people?
A. Having self-esteem.
B. Being sure of keeping everything they already have.
C. Never being jealous.
D. Knowing how to be charming.
答案：
21. D 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A
英語四級仔細閱讀二
Newspapers often tell us of floods in some parts of the United States.
Nearly every year on the great central drainages heavy rains and melting snow cause the waters to pour out the mountains and plains, to turn brooks into torrents, and to swell quiet streams into wild uncontrolled rivers. From Cairo to New Orleans, and from Pittsburgh to Paducah, the cry "River rising!" is a familiar yet fearful voice. . . When the rivers sometimes become too high or too swift to be controlled communities are flooded, families flee from their homes, croplands are washed out, and transportation comes to a halt. Hunger, disease, and death follow the wild waters.
Although given less publicity, the agricultural damage done by the many smaller, more frequent floods usually far exceeds the losses caused by the very grand ones. In the Central States, ditches and drains cause the flows from spring rains and melting snow to run far more rapidly than in the days before white men settled on the land. Once, excess spring flood waters emptied into lakes and swampy lands, there to be detained for slow release into stream and rivers. Now, systematic drainage has actually eliminated these natural reservoirs.
In the more rolling sections of the East, spring runoff was formerly absorbed and held temporarily in the porous soils beneath the unbroken expanse of forest. When large areas were converted to farm use, removal of the forest and the practice of up-and-down hill plowing deprived the soils of much of their ability to catch and store water.
The effects of eliminating the natural forest cover are shown in the gullied farm lands and widened stream channels found in some densely settled areas. Partly because the stream channels are more or less filled with material washed down from the uplands, and partly because storm runoff has increased, the channels are today no longer able to carry all the flow from heavy rains. This explains why the streams overtop banks far more often than in the days before settlement.
26. The best title for the selection would be______.
A. River Rising! River Rising! B. Forests and Floods
C. Flooding in the U. S. D. The Results of Flooding
27. All of the following cause floods EXCEPT______.
A. heavy rain B. melting snow
C. increasing storm runoff D. porous soil
28. The author states that______.
A. lakes and swamps once acted like natural reservoirs
B. up-and-down hill plowing catches and stores water
C. stream channels are the best carriers of water
D. floods are easily prevented and controlled
29. According to the selection, streams overtop their banks partly because______.
A. material from higher land is washed into them
B. ditches and drains lead into them
C. rivers become too swift
D. snow melts more rapidly nowadays
30. The floods which are given most publicity______.
A. cause no damage
B. cause the most damage
C. cause less agricultural damage than the many smaller, more frequent floods
D. far exceed the smaller, more frequent floods in agricultural loss
答案：
26. C 27. D 28. A 29. A 30. C