盤點雅思閱讀中隱藏得分的小技巧

才智咖 人氣:1.88W

我們這裡所說的“玄機”,就是無所不在的訊號詞!

盤點雅思閱讀中隱藏得分的小技巧

訊號詞就好比是高速公路上的標識牌,見到了它們,你就知道目的地距離自己的位置還有 多遠的距離,需要直走,還是拐彎。從而採取精讀或是跳讀掃讀等不一樣的方法和閱題技巧。下面我們就分析一下雅思閱讀中訊號詞對考點指示的微妙作用。

介紹信號詞之前,我們先對它們進行一下分類,雅思閱讀中的訊號詞能分為幾類呢?把劍橋3-7閱讀出現的與考點相關的訊號詞分為兩大類:一個是傳統的訊號詞;另一個就是 非傳統的訊號詞。為什麼要這樣分呢?傳統的訊號詞有是我們平時在學校課堂上、寫作課上,老師都強調的幾大類,表順接和遞進,表對比和轉折,表相似,表時間 先後關係,表排列次序,表因果關係,表舉例和說明關係。而非傳統的訊號詞則是我們在平時閱讀中常常忽視的細節,但是根據劍橋的出題思路和模式,我發現還有一類的訊號詞是常常和考點有密切的聯絡。(這就是因為學生能夠充足的掌握雅思閱讀做題技巧,所以才能窺探其中的奧祕)

首先我們來看一看在劍橋3-7中,傳統的訊號詞與考點的聯絡。(注:C-劍橋,P-頁 碼,T-題目)

(一)傳統訊號詞

1、順接和遞進

例詞:also, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition…

考點:And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom…(C6, P28, T31找標題)

解析:And在這句話開頭,有一定的遞進含義, this wisdom則是指代了前面一句話出現的their wealth of traditional knowledge(因紐特人傳統的知識),所以這兩句話有緊密的聯絡,同學們在讀題的時候要通過發現訊號詞,然後發散地看它的前後句,最後把考點考察的意思補充完整。

2、對比和轉折

例詞:however, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison…

考點:However, we believe that credit must be extended in association with other types of support that help participants develop critical life skills as well as productive businesses.(C4, P66, T13主旨選擇題)

題目中出現了conclude的字眼,總結段落一般是在文章的最後,然而帶有轉折訊號詞however這句話,顯然就是文章的考點所在。

3、相似

例詞:similarly, in other words, that is, put another way…

考點:In other words, we became aware of the obvious fact that there were ‘limits to growth’.(C4, P97, T32分類題)

解析:In other words是解釋,換一種說法,通常會以更加簡單易懂,清晰的話語陳述出難點,常常難點是考點出沒的地方。

4、時間先後

例詞:firstly, second, next, then, now, later, since, eventually, finally…

考點:Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain…Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something.(C6, P94, T30選標題)

解析:段落結構很清楚,主要是因為有表達順序的訊號詞First、 second、third,讓我們認識這段是在講,侍強凌弱這種現象已經開始改變,主要是從三個方面入手:意識、資源、監督。這種發展讓學校有了更多的方 法和有效途徑解決存在的問題。這裡的First、second、third提示我們三個方面,同時也是一個發展的過程。

5、排列次序

例詞:another, the second, the most, the best…

考點:Most important of all, the traditional measures of‘risk’, such as‘parents’age and education, or whether they were a single parent, bore little or no relationship to the measures of achievement and language development.(C5, P63, T12判斷題)

解析:most important of all強調了最重要的事情,也就是文中比較重要的結論要出爐了。Single parents是題目中的關鍵詞,同樣在這一句裡出現了,我們可以利用對訊號詞的敏感度,快速抓住文章的考點,進行區域性精讀。(如何提高雅思閱讀?學生要通過練習把握文章的重中核心是關鍵。)

6、強調作用

例詞:in fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize…

考點:This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates…(C5, P21, T18資訊包含題)

解析:資訊包含題考察細節是在那個段落出現,在做此類題目時,要注意訊號詞與考點的密切相關性,從而迅速找準 答案。這裡出現了in essence(實質上),起了一定的強調作用,迅速掃讀後,發現同時出現了題目關鍵詞sociobiology,破折號後面的介詞to是表目的與題目中的the general aim of一致對應。

7、因果關係

例詞:as, because,since,lead to,as a result,result in,consequently,therefore,thus,the caused of…

考點:The fourth question concerned the causes of the destruction of aps encouragingly,more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that it is human activities,which are destroying rainforests…(C4, P19,T11簡答題)

解析:這道簡答題的.文字題就是問the reason for the loss of rainforests,所以我們可以同通過原因訊號詞,判斷考點的方位。

8、舉例子和說明

例詞:for example, for instance, that is to say, i.e.,such as,including…

考點:Other substances were then introduced: including fillers,such as woodflour,asbestos or cotton…(C5, P39, T5流程圖)

解析:我們看到such as後面是舉例子,such as後面的例子可以作為定位詞,woodflour,asbestos,cotton就是fillers的其中一種。Fillers在這裡就是一個概括性的詞語,常常是考點。

(二)非傳統訊號詞

1、表達客觀結論findings

例詞:indicate that, suggest that, find out, conclude that, point out, report that, demonstrate that…

考點:But Byers points out that the benefits of increased exercise disappear rapidly after training stops, so any improvement in endurance resulting from juvenile play would be lost by adulthood.(C4, P50, T38配對題)

解析:配對題目是典型的人名和成果的配對,我們到文章中定位人名就比較好找到答案,可是人名出現的地方就一定是考點麼?不見得。但是一旦表達客觀結論的訊號 詞與人名同時出現時,就是考點出沒的地方了。

2、表達主觀觀點statements, opinions

例詞:say, believe, argue that, maintain that, claim…

考點:The UCSF researchers maintain that the simplest and most cost-effective action is to establish smoke-free work places, schools and public places.(C3, P20, T27分類題)

解析:這道分類題考察區分a finding和an opinion。表達個人觀點(an opinion)帶有一定的主觀性,所用的訊號詞顯然與客觀事實發現(a finding)的有所區別。

3、特殊符號

例詞:‘word’, ——, word…

考點:In very significant cases of role change, e.g. from a soldier in the ranks to officer, from bachelor to married man, the change of role has to have a very obvious sign, hence rituals.(C3, P48, T37完成句子)

解析:文中斜體的部分其實就是考察的考點,不知道這個詞語的意思沒有關係,只要能判斷,需要填寫的單詞是斜體部分,照抄過來就可以輕鬆拿分。

通過我們上面陳列的兩大類訊號詞:傳統的與非傳統的,我相信可以給備戰的烤鴨們一點寶貴的做題技巧,訊號詞與考點是一對好朋友,所以常常訊號詞出現的地方,考點都會在它的附近埋伏著,要留心哦!同時,要掌握每一類訊號詞對文章段落的結構起的作用和意義,這樣有利於我們對段落主旨、上下句關係快速的判斷,幫助解題。

總而言之,上述的內容其實都是學生經過長期的做題積累和雅思閱讀做題技巧的熟練應用而總結出來的。所以,如何提高雅思閱讀?關鍵還是在於學生本人對雅思考試的態度。技巧的掌握是通過學習方法的找尋和使用凝結而成的。