第一部分 英譯漢
第四章 考研英譯漢常用詞及句型的翻譯
第二節 常用句型的翻譯（下）
五、其他一些結構及運用
1.動詞不定式的幾種特殊結構的譯法
(1) to begin／start with首先；
to make the matter worse更為糟糕的是；
to come未來；to tell the truth說實話；
to be sure當然；to be true說真的；
to be honest／frank(with you)老實說／坦白地說
【例1】To begin with，I would like to touch on the most sensitive question people always try to avoid.
譯文：首先，我想談談一個我們總是在設法迴避的敏感問題。
【例2】In the years to come，our country will focus our efforts on the construction of the infrastructures.
譯文：在未來的幾年中，我們國家將集中精力進行基礎設施的建設。
【例3】To be true，a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them.
譯文：誠然，一個巨集偉的重建專案也許能為需要工作的人提供就業機會。
(2)“…only to+動詞”結構意為“……，結果卻……”,表示與句子謂語動作的目的相反的結果。
【例】They hurried to the station only to find their train had gone five minutes before.
譯文：他們匆匆趕到車站，結果卻發現他們的.火車已於五分鐘前離開了。
2.“名詞，+or+名詞”結構中or後的名詞是同位語，應譯為“即……；或者稱……例”
【例】Moreover，technology includes techniques，or ways to do things as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.
譯文：再者，除機器之外技術還包括技藝，即製作方法，而運用這些技藝並不一定都需要機器。
訂閱收藏考研英語主觀題40分攻略
引導虛擬條件句的翻譯
lest引導虛擬條件句，相當於for fear that，意為“以免，唯恐，免得”等意思。
【例1】We lay awake at night worrying，lest the ewes should lie on their lambs.
譯文：晚上我們躺在床上，徹夜難眠地擔心，唯恐母羊壓在小羊的身上。
【例2】I used notes lest faulty memory should lead me astray.
譯文：我翻閱了所做的筆記，免得記錯了而使我誤入歧途。
【例3】He ran away lest he should be seen.
譯文：他因為怕被別人看見而逃跑了。(他逃跑了，唯恐被別人看見。)
【例4】They hid themselves behind some bushes lest the enemy(should)find them.
譯文：他們躲在樹叢後，以防被敵人發現。
，while引導狀語從句不表示時間的譯法
【例1】The fear of need，when the pantry is full，is the thirst that cannot be satisfied.
分析：when在該句中作讓步連詞，意為“即使，儘管”。
譯文：即使是糧食滿倉，但對貧窮的恐懼會使人們渴望積蓄，難以罷休。
【例2】How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me?
分析： when在該句中作連詞用，表“原因”，但具有很強的讓步意味。相當於since或 considering that。
譯文：既然他們不想聽我說，我怎麼能幫助他們瞭解呢?
【例3】Therefore，while technical advances in food production and processing will perhaps be needed to ensure food availability，meeting food needs will depend much more on equalizing economic power among the various segments of populations within the developing countries themselves.
分析：while除用作時間連詞外，還有“而，卻，其實，反之”或“雖然，儘管”的意思。如：Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.(簡穿的是咖啡色衣服，而瑪麗穿的是藍色衣服。)
譯文：因此，儘管也許需要糧食生產和加工方面的技術進步來確保糧食的來源，滿足糧食需求更多的是取決於使開發中國家內部的人口各階層具有同等的經濟實力。
【例4】Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.
譯文：運動是絕對的，而靜止是相對的。
【例5】For far too long the average level of productivity in this country had been lower than was to expected when the quality of the labor force was considered.
譯文：長期以來，如果把勞動力素質考慮進去的話，該國的生產力一直低於所預期的平均水平。
【例6】The essence of intuition，in most peoples minds，is its unpredictability；certain people just seem to see straight to the heart of a problem，while the rest of us work hard toward a solution step by step.
譯文：在大多數人的心目中，直覺的本質在於它的不可預見性；有些人似乎一下子就看到了問題的核心，而其他人則要艱難地一步步找到解決辦法。