託福寫作考試中常易犯的十個錯誤

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寫作是托福考試的一大難關,這不僅由於內容構思方面的難度,還體現在眾多考生在寫作中總是犯一些語法句式上的小錯誤,導致整篇文章漏洞百出。下面將總結十大託福寫作的易錯點,快來看看吧。

託福寫作考試中常易犯的十個錯誤

1、不一致(Disagreements)

所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數的不一致時態不一致及代詞不一致等。

例1. When one have money,he can do what he want to.

(人一旦有了錢,他就能想幹什麼就幹什麼。) 剖析:one是單數第三人稱,因而本句的have應改為has; 同理,want應改為wants。本句是典型的主謂不一致。

改為:Once one has money,he can do what he wants (to do).

 2、 修飾語錯位(Misplaced Modifiers)

英語與漢語不同,同一個修飾語置於句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化。對於這一點中國學生往往沒有引起足夠的重視,因而造成了 不必要的誤解。例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.

剖析:better位置不當,應置於句末。

 3、 句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)

在口語中,交際雙方可藉助手勢語氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是書面語就不同了,句子結構不完整會令意思表達不清,這種情況常常發生在主句寫完以後,筆者又想加些補充說明時發生。

例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.

剖析:本句後半部分“for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on”不是一個完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語,不能獨立成句。

改為:There are many ways to know society,for example,by TV,radio,and newspaper.

 4、 懸垂修飾語(Dangling Modifiers)

所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與後面句子的邏輯關係混亂不清。例如:At the age of ten,my grandfather died. 這句中“at the age of ten” 只點出十歲時,但沒有說明“ 誰”十歲時。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個懸垂修飾語改明確一點,全句就不那麼費解了。

改為:When I was ten,my grandfather died.

例1. To do well in college,good grades are essential.

剖析:句中不定式短語 “to do well in college” 的邏輯主語不清楚。

改為:To do well in college, a student needs good grades。

5、詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)

“詞性誤用”常表現為:介詞當動詞用;形容詞當副詞用;名詞當動詞用等。

例1. None can negative the importance of money.

剖析:negative 系形容詞,誤作動詞。

改為:None can deny the importance of money.

6、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)

指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關係不清,或者先後所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句:

Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.

(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因為她要她做她的伴娘。)讀完上面這一句話,讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結婚,誰將當伴娘。如果我們把易於引起誤解的代詞的所指物件加以明確,意思就一目瞭然了。這個句子可改為:

Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.

剖析:句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。

改為:We can also know society by serving it ourselves.

7、不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)

什麼叫run-on sentence?請看下面的例句。

例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world.

剖析:這個句子包含了兩層完整的意思:“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。簡單地把它們連在一起就不妥當了。

改為:There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.

或:There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.

 8、措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction)

Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當地選用詞語的問題,囿於教學時間緊迫,教師平時在這方面花的時間往往極其有限,影響了學生在寫作中沒有養成良好的推敲,斟酌的 習慣。他們往往隨心所欲,拿來就用。所以作文中用詞不當的錯誤比比皆是。

例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution。

(農業方面化學物質使用的不斷增加也造成了汙染。)剖析:顯然,考生把obstacles“障礙”,“障礙物”誤作substance“物質”了。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用)” 應改為“abusive use (濫用)”。

改為:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.

 9、累贅(Redundancy)

言以簡潔為貴。寫句子沒有一個多餘的詞;寫段落沒有一個無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用片語;能用片語的不用從句或句子。如:

In spite of the fact that he is lazy,I like him.

本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句,我們按照上述“能用片語的不用從句”

可以改為:In spite of his laziness,I like him。

例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.

剖析:整個句子可以大大簡化。

改為:Diligent,caring people use money only to buy what they need.

 10、 不連貫(Incoherence)

不連貫是指一個句子前言不對後語,或是結構上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。

例1. The fresh water,it is the most important things of the earth.

剖析:The fresh water 與逗號後的it 不連貫。It 與things 在數方面不一致。

改為:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world。