拿下考研英語專業的閱讀題的解題技巧

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考研英語閱讀、翻譯等題型中多包含長難句,尤其閱讀是考研英語中重要的得分點和難點,對長難句的分析則決定了對閱讀的徹底理解。但有的同學遇到長難句,可能會感到迷茫,無所適從;其實英語裡的所有句子,不管句子多長,結構多麼複雜,看起來多難,無外乎是由英語中的8種句子成分(即:主語、謂語、賓語、表語、補語、定語、狀語、同位語)組合而成,或者說是在英語中的5種基本句型(即:主謂結構、主謂賓結構、主系表結構、主謂雙賓結構、主謂賓賓補結構)的框架之上新增修飾成分擴充套件而來的,所以只要掌握了長難句拆分的方法,再長再難的句子就都迎刃而解了。

拿下考研英語專業的閱讀題的解題技巧

考研英語長難句拆分要遵循這樣的原則:把主句和從句拆分出來,把主幹部分和修飾部分拆分出來。但是遇到長難句時,具體要從哪些地方切入進行拆分呢?

考研英語長難句拆分訊號:

1、標點符號:比如,2個逗號形成插入語,破折號表示解釋說明,分號相當於“and”表示並列;

2、連詞:並列句的並列連詞and、or、but、yet、for等,從句的從屬連詞which、that、when、how、if等;

3、介詞:介詞引導介詞短語,介詞短語在句子中可充當定語、狀語等修飾成分;

4、不定式符號to:不定式符號to引導不定式短語,在句子中除了可以充當主語、賓語、表語、補語等主幹成分外,還可做定語、狀語等修飾成分;

5、分詞:分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞,在句子中可充當定語和狀語修飾成分。

下面我們就按照長難句拆分原則,依照這些拆分訊號,結合考研英語閱讀或翻譯真題中的長難句進行實戰演練一下吧!

This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

 (1)句子拆分

拆分點:從屬連詞、介詞、標點符號

This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.

 (2)句子結構

找謂語動詞(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);

找連詞(when, that, that)

前面沒有從屬連詞的動詞即為主句的謂語動詞

確定主從句

主句:This trend began during the Second World War ;

從句:定語從句when several governments came to the conclusion修飾the Second World War,本從句巢狀著一個二級從句即同位語從句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修飾conclusion和一個三級從句that引導的定語從句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。

(3)解析

during the Second World War介詞短語做狀語;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定語修飾the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位語從句修飾conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。

 (4)本句的參考譯文

這種趨勢始於第二次世界大戰期間,當時一些國家的政府得出結論:政府向科研機構提出的要求通常是無法詳盡預見的。

總之,只要考生對句子結構有個透徹的理解,弄清句子的各個成分,並可以藉助連詞、介詞、非謂語動詞等手段把句子由簡單變得複雜,由複雜變得簡單,這樣句子結構分析技能提高了,長難句也就攻克了,對於考研閱讀和翻譯的理解也就簡單了。