“訴訟”一詞，在外國有多種詞語表達方式，如拉丁文的processus，英文的process、procedure、proceedings、suit、lawsuit，德文的prozess等，其最初的含義是發展和向前推進的意思，用在法律上，也就是指一個案件的發展過程。 又特指法院主持下按照法定程式審理案件的過程。
共同管轄 concurrent jurisdiction
管轄 jurisdiction
國際司法協助 international judicial assistance
海事法院 maritime court
合議庭 collegial panel
合議庭評議筆錄 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench
和解 composition; compromise
核對訴訟當事人身份 check identity of litigious parties
恢復執行 resumption of execution
迴避 withdrawal
混合式訴訟 mixed action
基層人民法院 basic People's Court
羈押期限 term in custody
級別管轄 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels
監視居住 living at home under surveillance
監獄 prison
檢察官 procurator
檢察權 prosecutorial power
檢察委員會 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee
檢察院 procuratorate
檢察院派出機構 outpost tribunal of procuratorate
簡易程式 summary procedure
鑑定結論 expert conclusion
經濟審判庭 economic tribunal
徑行判決 direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice
糾問式訴訟 inquisitional proceedings
拘傳 summon by force; summon by warrant
拘留所 detention house
舉報 information/report of an offence
舉證責任 burden of proof; onus probandi
決定書 decision
軍事法院 military procuratorate
開庭審理 open a court session
開庭通知 notice of court session
勘驗筆錄 record of inquest
看守所 detention house
可執行財產 executable property
控告式訴訟 accusatory proceedings
控訴證據 incriminating evidence
控訴職能 accusation function
扣押 distrain on; attachment
扣押物 distress/distraint
寬限期 period of grace
勞動爭議仲裁申請書 petition for labor dispute arbitration
勞改場 reform-through-labor farm
勞教所 reeducation-through-labor office
類推判決的核準程式 procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence
累積證據 cumulative evidence
立案報告 place a case on file
立案管轄 functional jurisdiction
立案決定書 written decision of case-filing
立案偵查 report of placing a case on file
利害關係人 interested party
臨時裁決書 interim award
律師見證書 lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication
律師事務所 law office; law firm
律師提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer
免於刑事處分 exemption from criminal penalty
民事案件 civil case
民事審判庭 civil tribunal
民事訴訟 civil action
民事訴訟法 Civil Procedural Law
扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police
派出法庭 detached tribunal
派出所 police station
判決 judgement; determination
判決書 judgement; determination; verdict (指陪審團作出的`)
旁證 circumstantial evidence
陪審員 juror
批准逮捕 approval of arrest
破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case
破產 bankruptcy; insolvency
普通程式 general/ordinary procedure
普通管轄 general jurisdiction
企業法人破產還債程式 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation
起訴 filing of a lawsuit
起訴 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings
起訴狀 indictment; information
區縣檢察院 grassroots People's Procuratorate
取保候審 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving
缺席判決 default judgement
人民調解委員會 People's Mediation Committee
認定財產無主案件 cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless
認定公民無民事行為能力、限制民事行為能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity