Effect of background knowledge on foreign language reading comprehension
Abstract
In the past 20 years, the effects of the background knowledge have around general attention of linguistics. Comprehension is perceived to be an essential component in reading. This thesis first explains the theory of reading, for example, the bottom-up model, the top-down model, the interactive model and the schema theory, later on the basis of Carrell’s theory, illustrates the effects of background knowledge on the foreign language reading comprehension. In Carrell’s theory, there are three components in background knowledge: context, familiarity and transparency. Context in essence refers to any knowledge that the text is about a particular content area, just like a title, a picture, or a graph and so on, which could provide a hint as to the topic of the test is going to focus on. Familiarity is the background knowledge in the content area of the text, and transparency is prior knowledge that the structure of the text. This thesis makes more research about this three components and use the materials that come from Senior English for China Students Book 1A to comfirm them . All of this thesis try to do is in order to let the teachers make more attention to teach background knowledge to the students during teaching.
Key Words: background knowledge; reading comprehension; context; familiarity; transparency
摘 要
背景知識的作用在近210年引起了語言學家的廣泛注意。理解被認為是在閱讀中的最基本的.要素。本文首先介紹了各種不同的閱讀理論，如：“由上而下”模式、“由下而上”模式和“互動作用”模式以及圖式理論，本文以卡羅爾的理論為主要理論根據來分析其在閱讀理解中的作用。在其理論中卡羅爾認為背景知識有3個組成部分：上下文、熟悉度和透明度。上下文是指與文字有關的相關內容，如文章的標題和文章裡面的1幅畫等。這些相關的內容可以給讀者提供1些啟示，使讀者更容易掌握文章內容。熟悉度指的是對文字內容的瞭解程度。透明度指的是對篇章結構的把握。本文分別詳細地分析了這3個組成部分，並以選自高中課文中的課文為材料來加以例證。以求在教學過程中引起重視，並注重對學生背景知識的灌入。使學生能更好地理解材料。
關鍵詞：背景知識、閱讀理解、上下文、熟悉度、透明度
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