Ecocriticism in The Old Man and the Sea
Abstract
Hemingway is a famous American writer in the twentieth century. Among his works, The Old Man and the Sea is the most famous one, which made him win the Noble Prize for Literature in 1954. Ecocriticism was introduced into the studies of Hemingway and The Old Man and the Sea around the 1990s, providing a new perspective for reading this book.
This research is to make an ecocritical reading of The Old Man and the Sea, and discuss about the relationship between the old man, Santiago, the nature and other livings in the ocean, exploring the contradiction between ecological awareness and actual behavior of the hero. Santiago has a wise nature-centric ecological awareness, but he behaves in a fearless way to conquer nature, which brings an internecine consequence to both nature and him. Through these descriptions, the author reveals the terrible consequences of trying to conquer nature, urging people to return to nature, and live with nature harmoniously.
Key Words: Hemingway; The Old Man and the Sea; Santiago; Ecocriticism; ecological awareness; nature
摘 要
海明威是210世紀美國著名作家。作為其最著名的作品之1，《老人與海》作為代表作，於1954年使其獲得了諾貝爾文學獎。210世紀910年代，生態批評被西方和中國學術界引入海明威及其著作研究，為解讀海明威及《老人與海》提供了新的視角。
本文從生態批評的角度，對《老人與海》進行細讀，以探索作品主人公，聖地亞哥與自然及其它生物之間的關係，探索其生態意識與實際行為之間的矛盾。聖地亞哥具有開明的'自然中心主義的生態意識，但行動上卻無所畏懼地征服自然，顯示出無比的勇氣和決心，其結果是造成了自然和自身的兩敗俱傷。通過分析他的實際行為及後果，研究其觀念和行為的不1致性，從而揭示征服自然的可怕後果，呼籲人類迴歸自然，與自然和諧共處。
關鍵詞：海明威、老人與海、聖地亞哥、生態批評、生態意識、自然
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