摘 要
通假字、古今字、異體字是人們在閱讀古文時經常會遇到的問題。由於某些字的義界不清，通假字、古今字、異體字常常交叉重疊。中學語文教材文言文註釋“某通（同）某”中就存在這樣的問題。同1個字，不同年級、不同課文的教材或注為通假字，或注為古今字，或注為異體字，讓師生們莫衷1是。對於同1個字，相同的意思，國中語文教材文言文中的註釋和高中語文教材文言文中的'註釋竟然不同。此外，即使是同1教材編寫組，對同1個字相同義項的註釋也存在分歧。中學語文教材的編寫者在所編選的文言文註釋中沒有將通假字、古今字、異體字進行嚴格的區分，或許是考慮中學生初接觸古文，不宜增加其學習上的難度。但將3個不同的概念混為1談的做法，可謂是後患無窮。而且同1套教材所編選的文言文註釋“某通（同）某”中，就同1個字相同義項的註釋有必要做到統1，否則很容易造成中學生學習上的誤區。
關鍵詞：中學語文教材；文言文；註釋；通假字；古今字；異體字
ABSTRACT
The interchangeable words, the ancient and modern words, variants is a question that people can meet frequently when they read classical Chinese literature. Because the righteousness of some characters is unclear, the interchangeable words, the ancient and modern words, variants overlap frequently. There are some questions about “Mou Tong (Tong) Mou” in the annotation of classical style of writing in teaching material of middle school. The identical character in the different grade and different text of teaching material is noted the interchangeable words, or the ancient and modern words, or variants. That making the teachers and students unable to agree or decide which is right. And there are different annotations between the junior middle school’s teaching material of Chinese and the senior middle school’s. In addition, even if the identical teaching material compilation group, also has the difference about an identical character synonymous annotation. The editors of middle school’s teaching material of Chinese who didn’t make a strict differentiation among the interchangeable words, the ancient and modern words, variants, maybe consider the students who contact with the classical Chinese literature firstly, not suitably to increase the difficulty of their studies. But the way of confusing the three different concepts, it may be said is no end of the trouble for the future. Moreover, it is necessary that an identical character and the same meaning of the classical style of writing ’s annotation in " Mou Tong (Tong) Mou " be united , otherwise it is easily to make the students confused.
Key words: middle school’s teaching material of Chinese; classical style of writing; annotation; interchangeable words; ancient and modern words; variants
