導語：瞭解英語句子的成分,掌握英語句子的結構,是英語閱讀和寫作的必備基礎,不但有助於正確理解英語句子的意思,而且也是寫出正確英語句子的前提。小編在此整理了英語句子結構和分析，供大家參考和學習。首先，我們要知道的是句子成分的定義、句子的成分都有哪一些，隨後再是它們與句子結構的關係
定義 ：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分：主語和謂語
次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語
㈠主語(subject)
句子說明的人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.(名詞)
She went out in a hurry.(代詞)
Four plus four is eight.(數詞)
To see is to believe.(不定式)
Smoking is bad for health.(動名詞)
The young should respect the old.(名詞化的形容詞)
What he has said is true. (句子)
㈡謂語
說明主語的動作、狀態和特徵
簡單謂語:由動詞或動詞片語組成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
複合謂語：由情態動詞或助動詞+動詞;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
(三)賓語
動作的物件或承受者——及物動詞或介詞的賓語
Show your passport, please. (名詞)
She didn't say anything. (代詞)
How many do you want? - I want two. (數詞)
They sent the injured to hospital. (名詞化的形容詞)
They asked to see my passport. (不定式)
I enjoy working with you. (動名詞)
Did you write down what he said? (句子)
賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物或事,間接賓語指人或動物.
(四)連繫動詞,其後面的成分叫作表語。
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
I’m not quite myself today.
That remains a puzzle.
I don’t feel at ease.
常見的系動詞有be 動詞,還有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “變得”的'詞, 和感觀動詞sound, look, smel,taste,feel等。
(五)定語
修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、片語或從句
He is a clever boy.(形容詞)
His father works in a steel work.(名詞)
There are 54 students in our class.(數詞)
Do you known betty’s sister?(名詞所有格)
He bought some sleeping pills.(動名詞)
There is a sleeping baby in bed.(現在分詞)
His spoken language is good.(過去分詞)
定語後置：
如果定語是由一個單詞表示時，通常要前置。而由一個片語或一個句子表示時，通常則後置
The girl in red is his sister.
We have a lot of work to do.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
(六)狀語
狀語的功用：狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that I missed the train.
I waited to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
Please call me if it is necessary.
This book is very interesting.
He went to school in spite of his illness.
(七)賓語補足語
有些及物動詞除了有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補足語，說明賓語的身份和狀態以補充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動詞有 ：
make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
I found the book interesting.
Do you smell something burning?
He made himself known to them.
She asked me to lend her a hand.
賓語補足語：和賓語構成複合賓語。賓語和賓補之間存在內在邏輯上的主謂關係。
(八)同位語
位於名詞或代詞後面，說明它們的性質和情況
We young people should respect the old.(名詞)
He himself will do the experiment.(代詞)
He is the oldest among them four.(數詞)
He told me the news that our team won the game.(從句)