JBC:幹細胞蛋白質調控新機制

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畢業論文

    生物谷:幹細胞是全能型的,可以分化成任何1種細胞,而幹細胞中的Oct4蛋白質起著調控作用,決定幹細胞是繼續分化成其他特殊細胞,還是保持幹細胞的多功能性。通過化學途徑可以改變Oct4蛋白質,從而決定幹細胞的命運。德國馬普分子生物醫學所所長漢斯·施勒和美國賓西法尼亞大學研究人員共同發現了1個Oct4蛋白新的調控機制,1種特殊的.蛋白質可以和幹細胞標記結合,從而延長蛋白質的生命和增強讀取基因資訊的功能。這項新發現被刊登在最新1期的《生物化學雜誌》上。  

    施勒介紹說,幹細胞的多功能程度是有限的,它既可以發展成不同組織的細胞,也可以發展成腫瘤細胞,其發展方向在很大程度上受Oct4蛋白質影響。施勒和美國賓西法尼亞大學的同事在合作研究中發現,Oct4能與基因中的轉錄因子結合,通過這種方式使幹細胞保持其多能性,並使幹細胞僅向1個方向發展。科學家認為,Oct4可以有不同的作用機制,在和轉錄因子結合期間,1些小分子的結合會導致蛋白質的化學變化。研究表明,所謂的SUMO蛋白質和轉錄因子有很強的結合傾向,並以此改變其功能。  

    他們的實驗顯示,SUMO-1(4種SUMO蛋白的1種)可以結合到Oct4蛋白上,從而延長了Oct4的生命。他們把SUMO1和Oct4蛋白注入活性幹細胞中,用顯微鏡觀察熒光抗體來檢測,發現這兩種蛋白質分子互相結合在1起。研究人員又分析了SUMO-1蛋白質結合點的位置,有目的地使Oct4可能的結合點失效,人為地使118號賴氨酸作為結合點。由於這個點在DNA結合點附近,結果發現,SUMO-1和Oct4的結合體能更加有效地結合到DNA上。  

    研究人員還發現,Oct4和SUMO-1蛋白質的結合體可以更好地操縱轉錄啟動因子,SUMO-1不僅改善Oct4蛋白質功能,並且延長Oct4的壽命。在兩種蛋白質注入活細胞16小時後,結合蛋白質形態比未結合形態多4倍。換言之,通過結合到Oct4上,SUMO-1調控幹細胞內Oct4的含量,並由此決定幹細胞是向正常方向還是向腫瘤方向分化,這個發現很可能對腫瘤治療有所幫助,特別是對於高Oct4蛋白質濃度造成的腫瘤。(科技日報)

JBC:幹細胞蛋白質調控新機制

原始出處:

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 29, 21551-21560, July 20, 2007

Sumoylation of Oct4 Enhances Its Stability, DNA Binding, and Transactivation*

Fang Wei, Hans R. Schöler, and Michael L. Atchison1

From the Department of Animal Biology, Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and Max Planck Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany

Transcription factor Oct4 is a master regulator affecting the fate of pluripotent stem cells and germ cell precursors. Oct4 expression is tightly regulated, and small changes in expression level can have dramatic effects on differentiation or oncogenesis. Post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and ubiquitination have been reported to regulate Oct4 transcriptional activity. Here we show that Oct4 is a target for small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-1 modification in vivo and in vitro. Sumoylation of Oct4 occurs at a single lysine, Lys118, located at the end of the amino-terminal transactivation domain and next to the Pit1-Oct-Unc86 (POU) DNA binding domain. SUMO-1 and Oct4 colocalize at several promoter sequences in vivo, and a fraction of Oct4 molecules colocalized with SUMO-1 in nuclear aggregates. Sumoylation of Oct4 led to significantly increased Oct4 stability and increased DNA binding. In addition, SUMO-1 cotransfection led to augmented Oct4 transactivation potential that was reduced when the Oct4 sumoylation target site was mutated. Therefore, sumoylation of Oct4 results in increased stability, DNA binding, and transactivation and provides an important mechanism to regulate Oct4 activity.

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